The Brexit vote has led to a "brain drain" of teaching staff and a drop in student numbers at the UK's architecture and design institutes, according to a body representing creative higher education establishments, which warns that universities will be forced to shut down.

But practice admits decision to leave EU has created ‘operational challenges’.

Architects say Brexit will damage the industry if practices across Britain cannot continue to employ EU staff. A group of the country’s leading architects including Richard Rogers have said they are “appalled” by how EU staff in their offices are being treated since the Brexit vote.

Britain’s largest architectural firm, Foster + Partners, plans to lay off nearly 100 people, and blamed the uncertainty around construction projects caused by last summer’s Brexit vote.

Over 1,000 leading architects have signed a letter to the UK prime minister stating that Brexit would be "devastating" to the architecture profession.

Parisian business district La Défense is to build seven new skyscrapers over the next five years to accommodate an expected influx of demand from banks fleeing post-Brexit Britain.

Architecture has been hit badly by Brexit with more than two-thirds of UK architects reporting building projects put on hold since the referendum, according to a new survey. More than a third said they had projects cancelled in 2017 because of the uncertainty surrounding the UK’s departure from the EU.

UK architects do not now have an automatic recognition of their qualifications in EU member states following the country’s exit from the union.

Nine in 10 UK architecture studios feel Brexit has had a negative impact on them, exclusive Dezeen research has found. / Three years on from the UK's departure from the European Union (EU) on 31 January 2020, Dezeen conducted a survey of 50 architecture studios asking about their experiences of working post-Brexit.

Lucrative services sector cannot prepare for potentially huge new obstacles to trading in the EU – because it is ‘not sure what to prepare for’.

Stirling Prize-winning architect and timber pioneer dRMM has set up a European outpost in Berlin. / The practice said it had made the move on the back of a recent project win for the Cultural Council of Germany (Deutscher Kulturrat) and in response to problems thrown up by Brexit.

Trade negotiations on the future relationship between the UK and Europe have so far ignored architecture and other professional and business services, according to a report published by the House of Lords EU Services Sub-Committee.

Somerset-founded architecture practice Invisible Studio is moving its operations outside of the UK as a response to Brexit, Dezeen has learned. / "Brexit has been a catastrophe," Invisible Studio said in comments on the survey. "The barriers are obvious but it it is the cultural loss that is even greater."

This week on Dezeen, we published a survey showing that three years on from leaving the EU, 84 per cent of UK architecture studios want to reverse the Brexit "catastrophe" and rejoin the union.

Hundreds voice dismay at Sunak and Starmer, accusing them of misreading UK attitudes towards Europe.