Two years after Britain’s departure from the European Union, bosses of UK businesses are reeling from the cost of Brexit, including some who voted to cut ties with Brussels.

From queues in Dover to rising food prices, Brexit has been blamed for a number of things impacting families. But it has given us Rishi Sunak's 'Brexit pub guarantee' - here we look at the good, the bad and the ugly consequences.

Upland farmers face losing more than a third of their income in the event of a no-deal Brexit, says Richard Byrne (Harper Adams University).

THERE is “no desire in Scotland to have membership of the EU”, Scotland Secretary Alister Jack has claimed despite significant evidence to the contrary. / "So does it come as a surprise to the secretary of state that a poll last year showed 69% of Scottish voters want to rejoin the EU?”

THERE have been no advantages to leaving the European Union, the Constitution Secretary has said on the second anniversary of the end of the Brexit transition period.

In historical terms, however, those transgressions will end up being little more than footnotes. Viewed from afar, Johnson’s greatest failing is liable to be what he hoped would be his glorious legacy: Brexit.

Brexit added £210 to the average household food bill in the two years to the end of 2021, new research suggests.

Extra checks and requirements on goods crossing the border has increased food prices by 6% overall, says the Centre for Economic Performance.

Brexit added almost £6bn to UK food bills in the two years to the end of 2021, London School of Economics (LSE) researchers have discovered.

Brexit piled on an average of £210 extra to household food bills in two years, a fresh research paper has found.

“The entirely avoidable Brexit crisis has had as much of an impact on UK businesses as the unforeseeable Covid-19 tragedy, and its costs are still rising."

The political choice of Brexit has cost UK businesses as much as the unforeseeable Covid pandemic.

Economists say border costs added £7 billion to grocery bills. / Study comes as ONS data shows food prices driving inflation.

LSE researchers estimate that extra barriers on EU food imports have pushed up bills by £250 on average.

British households have paid £7bn since Brexit to cover the extra cost of trade barriers on food imports from the EU, according to researchers at the London School of Economics (LSE).

New research by the London School of Economics (LSE) has revealed that British households have incurred a £7 billion ($8 billion) cost since Brexit due to trade barriers affecting food imports from the EU.

Extra trade barriers created by Britain's exit from the European Union and subsequent trade agreement have added 6% to the cost of food, researchers from the London School of Economics and other universities estimated on Wednesday.

Brexit border checks on goods have forced up prices as food firms have to hire thousands more staff to wade through the new red tape, researchers found.

Trade friction has ‘clear and robust’ impact on supermarket prices, say economists.

It has raised prices, too.

EU departure putting £5.8 billion on total UK supermarket spend, Centre for Economic Performance finds.

Inflation for what Britons consume would have been nearly a third lower had the UK stayed in the EU, study finds.

Research has revealed that during the two years leading up to the end of 2021, Brexit cost UK consumers a total of £5.8 billion in food bills.

In reality, Brexit has hobbled the UK economy, which remains the only member of the G7 — the group of advanced economies that also includes Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan and the United States — with an economy smaller than it was before the pandemic.

Brexit has not had the expected effect of narrowly reducing exports to the EU, but has instead more broadly reduced how open and competitive Britain’s economy is, which will reduce productivity and wages in the decade ahead, according to new joint Resolution Foundation and LSE research.

LSE finds one-third decline in trading relationships under Boris Johnson’s deal – which has hit small firms hardest. / Brexit red tape means the UK has “stopped selling” many products to smaller EU countries, according to alarming new evidence of the impact on trade.

Brexit has reduced the competitiveness of the British economy, with alarming implications for productivity and wages, according to the Resolution Foundation.

The OBR forecast that Brexit would cost the UK economy 4% of GDP now looks ridiculously optimistic as the damage mounts.

As Prime Minister Boris Johnson prepares to depart Downing Street, tossed from office by his own party, his legacy — the opening lines of his eventual obituary — will call him the man who “got Brexit done.” / So how is that going? What can be said about the post-Brexit Britain that Johnson is leaving behind?

EU withdrawal fuelling higher import costs and costing British workers nearly £500 a year, says Resolution Foundation.

Kent farming giant reports 8% fall in harvest due to lack of seasonal pickers – saying it’s easier to import fruit.

Public opinion shifted against Brexit after a deluge of damning evidence on economic costs.

Dispute over Northern Ireland protocol puts associate membership of Horizon Europe scheme in doubt.

The new European Commission President spoke of her love of the UK, but warned of 'consequences' in negotiations.

Brexit uncertainty affected a large proportion of UK textile and apparel firms, both upstream and downstream—over 60 per cent of firms in both manufacturers and lead firms’ groups, according to researchers from the London School of Economics (LSE).

LSE report says even sectors unscathed from coronavirus crisis will be severely impacted.

Northern Ireland will be the UK regional economy least impacted by Brexit, partially due to the NI Protocol, new analysis has suggested.

There's been a huge fall in trade between the UK and Germany during the first month of the new trading relationship between the UK and the EU.

From NHS staff shortages to export woes, the effects of the 2016 vote are still being felt.

The UK will be stuck with searing inflation for years because of Brexit, according to strategists at Wall Street’s top banks.

Wages are worth less as direct result of departure from EU, says Monetary Policy Committe member. / Brexit has added 6 per cent to UK food prices, a Bank of England official has said as inflation hit a 41-year high.

Britain has delayed imposing its full post-Brexit import controls on goods from the European Union again, pushing it back until the end of next year, saying it did not want to add more fuel to fast-rising inflation.

Edi Rama urges ministers to ‘stop discriminating’ after Suella Braverman’s ‘Albanian criminals’ comments in Commons.

Leaving the European Union (EU) added an average of £210 to household food bills over the two years to the end of 2021, costing UK consumers a total of £5.8 billion, new research from the Centre for Economic Performance (CEP) at the London School of Economics finds.

Most people think Brexit has gone badly, a UK survey finds, and Johnson has left behind a mess of problems for a new PM.

Even in 2016 – before Turkey’s latest turn towards authoritarianism – the chances of the country joining the EU before 2030 were remote. Yet this did not prevent Vote Leave from claiming during the UK’s EU referendum campaign that Turkey was poised to join.

Ursula von der Leyen tells students that deal will be ‘for your generation’.

Extra checks and requirements on goods has pushed prices up by 6%, or £5.8bn, over two years.

There's little talk of reversing the decision, but evidence of Brexit-induced harm is piling up.

IT'S one of the most commonly trotted out Unionist scare stories – claims that an independent Scotland would not be permitted to join the European Union. It just became even harder for Unionists to pretend that this is really the case.

Income per-head forecast to fall by 6 per cent – just 2 per cent less than under a no-deal departure.

Fall in imports and exports not due to ‘teething problems’ or Covid, says expert.

In London for LSE symposium, politicians express confusion at Britain’s post-Brexit stance

The vision of post-Brexit Britain was one of international trade deals that would propel the country into a new era of prosperity. That vision of “Global Britain” is now dead. Thomas Sampson argues that the only viable alternative is a closer trade relationship with the EU.

Brexit means that Britain will lose access to two vital EU satellite programmes. They deliver key communications technologies to power Theresa May’s vision for a 4th industrial revolution. The loss of British participation in Galileo and Copernicus will undoubtedly affect British industry

A new study has explored how Brexit is contributing to rising food costs in the UK.

What should we call a project that poleaxes the economy, destroys our global reputation and threatens political stability in Northern Ireland? If we had known what would come to pass, how would we have voted on it six years ago?

Their forecast of income gains from Brexit contrasts with all other economic analysis, write Thomas Sampson, Swati Dhingra, Gianmarco Ottaviano and John Van Reenen.

AN independent Scotland would be first in line to rejoin the European Union, according to an expert from the London School of Economics.

Much of the UK’s referendum debate has focused on the extent to which EU decision-making is democratic, with the European Commission a source of particular criticism from leave campaigners on the basis that it is unelected.

The evidence shows that Brexit isn’t working and, despite what Starmer claims, it cannot be made to work until we rejoin the single market.

"I have three priorities for our economy: growth, growth and growth." / Yet several reports say one significant factor to have impacted negatively on Britain's growth and economy — also creating a barrier to future performance — is Brexit itself.

igration has altered the size and shape of the UK labour market in recent decades, but the move to a more restrictive regime since leaving the European Union won’t drive the ‘high wage‘ economy that the prime minister has claimed it will, according to new Resolution Foundation research published today.

Despite the UK Government's previous statements and current position, the Secretary of State for the Department of Work and Pensions, Mel Stride today confirmed that 'friction' with the EU due to Brexit has had impact on UK economy.

Polls show average annual gap between those who believe it was ‘wrong’ to vote to Leave compared to ‘right’ has risen to double digits for the first time. / A growing number of Britons say the UK was wrong to Brexit, according to a Standard analysis of more than 200 polls.

Michel Barnier spoke about his new book, "My Secret Brexit Diary: a glorious illusion". During the 1600 days of complex and often acrimonious Brexit negotiations, Michel Barnier kept a secret diary. He recorded his private hopes and fears, and gave a blow-by-blow account as the negotiations oscillated between consensus and disagreement, transparency and lies.

The introduction of new post-Brexit trading rules last year caused a "major shock" to UK-EU trade, a study claims.

Andrew Bailey said failure to agree to deal would cause long-term damage to UK economy

Non-Tariff Barriers (NTBs) are the main policy impediment to international trade, yet little is known about their pass-through to prices. This paper exploits the Brexit trade policy shock to quantify how NTBs affect consumer prices and welfare. The increase in NTBs raised prices by 6%, implying a pass-through of 50-80%.

British Chambers of Commerce urges government to ‘cut red tape on UK-EU goods movements’.

The sole economic modelling exercise showing material benefits for the UK from Brexit has been debunked as “doubly misleading”, further demolishing the argument that for Britain “no deal would be better than a bad deal” when it comes to the EU.

EU and UK businesses will face ‘inevitable’ extra costs while the post-Brexit trade deal remains in place, European Commission Vice-President Maroš Šefčovič warned on Monday (12 June), playing down the prospect of a major overhaul of the agreement.

While the challenges of post-Brexit trade continue to impact businesses what will shape the culinary landscape of the North Highlands – and can the spirit of love endure?

Businesses that make sporting goods, children’s toys, jewellery and medical goods have struggled the most with the border costs imposed by the UK’s decision to leave the EU.

This LSE Lecture on the economic impact of Brexit is part of the Programme on Brexit and is given by Lorenzo Codogno, Iain Begg and Francesco Torres, all from the LSE European Institute.

John Van Reenen of the Centre for Economic Policy at the London School of Economics talks about the Economics of Brexit. The interview was recorded at the Royal Economic Society annual conference at The University of Sussex in Spring 2016 and produced by Econ Films.

Swati Dhingra of the Centre for Economic Policy at the London School of Economics talks about the key economics of Brexit The interview was recorded at the Royal Economic Society annual conference at The University of Sussex in Spring 2016 and produced by Econ Films.

It’s five years since Britain voted to leave the EU – so what number should really have been on the side of the Vote Leave bus? Ben Chu examines the real impact of Brexit on the UK’s economy.

Britain's economy is on course to deteriorate to the level of deeply-struggling Italy over the next decade if it is unable to overcome the hit taken by challenges, including Brexit, according to a new report.

How has the Leave vote affected the UK economy, ask Swati Dhingra and Thomas Sampson (LSE) in this second of two blogs based on the CEP Election Analysis briefing on Brexit.

Bounceback from January’s collapse in exports may have stalled, expert warns.

The UK Government’s approach to Brexit trade policy and negotiations protocol is causing “potentially irreparable damage” to Wales’ ports, researchers have said.

The UK’s approach to trade since it left the European Union lacks substantial objectives beyond signing as many free trade agreements (FTAs) as possible, and has now hit a dead end, according to new research from The Economy 2030 Inquiry.

Britain should push to rejoin the single market because Brexit is the “biggest piece of self-inflicted harm ever done to a country,” says Sadiq Khan.

CHEAPER energy bills. Lower migration. An extra £350 million a week for the NHS. There was little that the zealots pushing for​ Brexit wouldn’t claim ahead of the crunch vote in 2016.

When the British electorate voted in 2016 to leave the EU, it was already clear that the implications for UK social sciences and humanities researchers were likely to be greater than for other disciplines.

The economic fallout from leaving the EU is becoming all too apparent.

A study by the Resolution Foundation think tank and London School of Economics details some of the outcomes of the decision to quit the EU - six years after the historic vote.

The Tory MP said Brits will avoid a 2 per cent increase on fish fingers and savings on some cheeses thanks to our "Brexit freedoms". / Brexit has added almost £6 billion to UK food bills over the past two years, new research has found.

A university report has rubbished claims that the UK is ‘taking back control’ by exiting the European Union after concluding that Brexit has resulted in ‘minimum freedom for maximum hassle’.